ICS 65.020.40 B 61 湖 DB43 南 省 地 方 标 准 DB43/T 1881—2020 兔眼蓝莓栽培技术规程 Code of practice for the cultivation of rabbiteye blueberry 2020-11-27发布 湖南省市场监督管理局 2020-12-30实施 发 布 DB43/T 1881—2020 目 次 前言························································································································································ Ⅲ 1 范围···················································································································································· 1 2 规范性引用文件································································································································· 1 3 术语与定义 ········································································································································ 1 4 园址选择与规划································································································································· 1 5 土地整理与栽植································································································································· 2 6 园地与树体管理································································································································· 3 7 病虫害防治 ········································································································································ 5 8 果实采收 ············································································································································ 6 9 果实贮藏 ············································································································································ 6 10 档案管理 ·········································································································································· 6 附录 A(规范性附录) 主要病虫害防治方法 ······················································································ 7 附录 B(资料性附录) 农业投入品使用记载表 ·················································································· 8 附录 C(资料性附录) 生产操作记载表······························································································ 9 I DB43/T 1881—2020 II DB43/T 1881—2020 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1—2020 给出的规则起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利,本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由湖南省林业局提出。 本文件由湖南省林业标准化技术委员会归口。 本文件起草单位:湖南省森林植物园、张家界立功旅游农业发展有限公司、怀化恒祺农业发展股份 有限公司。 本文件主要起草人:吴思政、聂东伶、柏文富、李建挥、禹霖、曾志新、李柏海、许玉泉、冯建国。 III DB43/T 1881—2020 IV DB43/T 1881—2020 兔眼蓝莓栽培技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了兔眼蓝莓(Vaccinium ashei)栽培的术语与定义、园址选择与规划、土地整理与苗木 栽植、园地与树体管理、病虫害防治以及果实采收等操作技术和档案管理。 本文件适用于湖南省内兔眼蓝莓的栽培。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件, 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件。不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本 文件。 GB/T 5084—2005 农田灌溉水质标准 GB/T 17420—1998 微量元素叶面肥料 GB/T 8321.10—2018 农药合理使用准则(十) NY/T 227—1994 微生物肥料 NY/T 393—2013 绿色食品 农药使用准则 NY/T 394—2013 绿色食品 肥料使用准则 NY/T 496—2010 肥料合理使用准则 NY/T 658—2015 绿色食品 3 包装通用准则 术语与定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 起垄 Ridging 将蓝莓种植带整理成为上部宽度为(80~90)cm,下部宽度为(120~150)cm,高度为(30~ 40)cm 厢地的方法。 3.2 破团 Breaking up the clod 将蓝莓容器苗根系土团下部松散的过程。 4 园址选择与规划 4.1 园址选择 园区环境应选择阳光、水源充足,远离三废(废水、废渣、废气)及粉尘排放的厂矿企业,距县级 以上公路 500 m 以上的区域。 1 DB43/T 1881—2020 4.1.1 土壤条件 土壤 pH 值(4.2~5.6),土壤疏松肥沃,土层深厚。 4.1.2 交通与灌溉 交通便利;灌溉水质符合 GB/T 5084—2005 的规定。 4.2 园区规划 根据果实成熟期以及果实商品用途将果园划分若干小区,各小区安排相应品种。 4.2.1 道路系统 4.2.1.1 主路 位于果园中部,路宽(4~5)m。山地果园主路顺山势修筑,呈环形或之字形,坡度不超过 15°。 4.2.1.2 支路 互通主路,小区之间的分界线,路宽(2~3)m。 4.2.2 排灌系统 灌溉采用低压管道进行滴灌。排水以明沟为主。梯田集水沟与等高线一致,修在梯田内侧,比降与 梯田一致。总排水沟连通各级等高集水沟,设在集水线上,总排水沟的方向与等高线垂直或斜交。 4.2.3 配套设施 包括管理用房、贮藏室、农机房、选果棚、泵房、冷库、蓄水池、配药池、配料间等。 5 土地整理与栽植 5.1 整地 5.1.1 园地清理 清除地表附着物和杂草。 5.1.2 整地时间 9 月~11 月。 5.1.3 整地方法 5.1.3.1 平地 全园平整。 5.1.3.2 坡地 带状整地。带宽(2.0~2.5)m,长边应与等高线方向基本一致。撩壕,壕宽(80~100)cm,深(50~ 60)cm。带状地面应保持内低外高。 2 DB43/T 1881—2020 5.1.3.3 作垄 作垄,垄的上部宽度为(80~90)cm,下部宽度为(120~150)cm,垄高为(30~40)cm。 5.2 土壤养分调整 用腐苔藓、草炭、树皮、锯木屑、菌棒、饼肥等调整有机质至 5%以上。 5.3 土壤 pH 值调整 撒施或者穴施硫磺粉,调节土壤 pH 至(4.2~5.6)。 5.4 定植穴 定植穴规格为长宽深 60 cm×60 cm×40 cm。挖穴时,将挖出的表层土回填入穴底部,每穴放入完 全发酵的有机肥(10~15)kg、钙镁磷肥(1~1.5)kg、硫酸钾复合肥 25 g,混匀,回填土高出台面 (10~15)cm。 5.5 品种配置 主栽品种有:沃农、灿烂、梯芙蓝、巴尔德温等,每个园区不低于 2 个品种。 5.6 种苗 生长健壮,根系发达,(2~3)个基生枝,高度为 40 cm 以上的(2~3)年生苗木。 5.7 栽植 5.7.1 栽植时间 10 月下旬至第二年 3 月下旬。 5.7.2 栽植密度 株行距为(2.0×2.5)m。 5.7.3 栽植方法 在定植穴上挖(20×20)cm 小坑,栽植时将苗木从营养钵中取出,破团后栽入,覆土,压实,浇 透定根水。 6 园地与树体管理 6.1 园地管理 6.1.1 清耕 及时清耕除草。 6.1.2 间作或生草 投产前,间作作物应距离蓝莓树主干(40~50)cm,间作作物可为花生等豆科作物。密植园可在行 间播撒黑麦草等。 3 DB43/T 1881—2020 6.1.3 覆盖 6.1.3.1 有机物覆盖 树盘内用松针、松树皮、锯木屑和粉碎的作物秸秆等覆盖,厚度(10~15)cm。 6.1.3.2 地布覆盖 园艺地布满园覆盖。 6.2 施肥 6.2.1 施肥原则 应符合 NY/T 496—2010 的规定,
DB43-T 1881-2020 兔眼蓝莓栽培技术规程 湖南省
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