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ICS 65.020.40 B 61 湖 DB43 南 省 地 方 标 准 DB43/T 1880—2020 染井吉野樱苗木繁殖技术规程 Code of practice for the seedling propagation of Cerasus×yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshina’ 2020-11-27发布 湖南省市场监督管理局 2020-12-30实施 发 布 DB43/T 1880—2020 目 次 前言························································································································································ Ⅲ 1 范围···················································································································································· 1 2 规范性引用文件································································································································· 1 3 术语与定义 ········································································································································ 1 4 圃地选择与整理································································································································· 1 5 砧木苗培育 ········································································································································ 2 6 嫁接苗培育 ········································································································································ 2 7 扦插苗培育 ········································································································································ 3 8 苗木分级 ············································································································································ 4 9 出圃···················································································································································· 5 10 质量检测 ·········································································································································· 5 11 苗圃技术档案··································································································································· 5 附录 A(规范性附录) 主要病虫害防治方法 ······················································································ 6 I DB43/T 1880—2020 II DB43/T 1880—2020 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1—2020 给出的规则起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利,本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由湖南省林业局提出。 本文件由湖南省林业标准化技术委员会归口。 本文件起草单位:湖南省森林植物园、郴州市林业科学研究所、龙山县林学会、湘西自治州林业科 技推广站、浏阳市绿地苗木种植专业合作社、岳阳大和苗木专业合作社。 本文件主要起草人:吴思政、柏文富、禹霖、李建挥、聂东伶、曾志新、李柏海、何才生、向祖恒、 和红晓、张威虎、胡寒梅。 III DB43/T 1880—2020 IV DB43/T 1880—2020 染井吉野樱苗木繁殖技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了染井吉野樱苗木繁育的术语与定义、圃地选择与整理、砧木苗培育、嫁接苗培育、扦 插苗培育、苗木分级与苗木出圃等技术要求。 本文件适用于染井吉野樱苗木的繁育生产。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件, 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件。不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本 文件。 GB/T 6001 育苗技术规程 GB 6000 主要造林树种苗木质量分级 LY/T 2289 林木种苗生产经营档案 LY/T 2290 林木种苗标签 3 术语与定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 染井吉野樱 Cerasus×yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshina’ 染井吉野樱为蔷薇科(Araliaceae)樱属(Cerasus)东京樱花(Cerasus yedoensis)的优良品种。 4 圃地选择与整理 4.1 圃地选择 按照 GB/T 6001 要求执行。 4.2 圃地整理 4.2.1 整地 冬季至初春清除杂物,将圃地深耕(20~30)cm,耙碎。 4.2.2 做床 床面宽(100~120)cm,高(20~25)cm,整细,耙平。两床之间设排水沟,宽(30~40)cm、深 (20~25)cm。四周设环通排水明沟,宽(40~50)cm、深(30~35)cm。 1 DB43/T 1880—2020 5 砧木苗培育 5.1 果实采集 在(4~5)月采集充分成熟的华中樱桃(C.conradinae)果实。 5.2 果实处理 将果实平摊,待果肉软化腐烂后,加水搓洗,除去果肉、果皮及其它杂物,洗净果核捞出阴干。 5.3 种子贮藏 在阴凉的地面上铺 10cm 厚细沙,将阴干的种子与细沙混合后铺于上面,再覆盖一层 10cm 厚细沙沙 藏,沙藏厚度不宜超过 40cm,沙藏(5~6)个月。 5.4 播种 5.4.1 种子处理 播种前(1~2)d 将种子放入甲基托布津 800 倍液中浸泡 2 h。 5.4.2 播种时间 1 月至 2 月中上旬。 5.4.3 播种量 2 每 666.7 m 播种(15~20)kg。 5.4.4 播种方式 撒播 5.4.5 覆盖 播种后覆盖黄心土,厚度以不见种子为宜,浇透水后用塑料薄膜覆盖地面,待(2~5)%的苗芽破 土后应将薄膜用竹片拱起,拱高(40~50)cm。 5.4.6 定苗 2 苗高 10 cm 左右时应进行定苗,株行距(15~20)cm 左右,每 666.7m 留苗(14000~15000)株。 5.5 施肥 苗高(20~30)cm 时,用(2~3)‰的复合肥水溶液浇蔸,1 个月后,用(5~8)‰的复合肥水 溶液浇蔸。每亩用复合肥 5 kg。 6 嫁接苗培育 6.1 接穗采集 在染井吉野樱健康植株上选取树冠中上部的健壮枝,随剪随接。 2 DB43/T 1880—2020 6.2 接穗运送 用湿毛巾或湿纸巾将枝条包装严实,然后用薄膜袋密封,随采随运。 6.3 嫁接 6.3.1 嫁接方法 芽接、单芽枝接。 6.3.2 嫁接时间 芽接在中秋前后,单芽枝接在春节后至萌动前。 6.4 嫁接苗管理 6.4.1 除萌 及时抹去砧木所有的萌芽。 6.4.2 断砧解膜 芽接在春节后从接穗上部 1 cm 处将砧木剪去,将嫁接膜解开。枝接在 7 月将嫁接膜解开。 6.4.3 水肥管理 干旱时及时浇水,雨季及时排水。 全年施肥 2 次,第 1 次施肥在 5 月,每株施高钾复合肥 5 g;第 2 次施肥在 8 月底,每株施高钾复 合肥 5g。 7 扦插苗培育 7.1 插床准备 插床用砖砌成,长度因地制宜,宽约 120 cm,高约 35 cm,底层用卵石或煤渣铺 10 cm 排水层后, 铺 8 cm 左右中沙。用黄土+珍珠岩(1:1)做基质,厚度 15 cm。离地面高(180~220)cm 搭建遮光度 (50~60)%的双层遮阳棚。 7.2 插床消毒杀菌 扦插前 3d,用 70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂 800 倍溶液或 50%多菌灵 800 倍液对插床进行消毒,并 用薄膜盖实闷床待用。 7.3 扦插 7.3.1 扦插时间 7 月份。 7.3.2 插穗选择与处理 从健康母树上选取基本木质化的当年生枝条,插穗长(10~12)cm,保留(3~4)片叶,插穗上切 口剪成平口,下切口剪成斜切口,插条基部(2~3)cm 用浓度为 250 mg/L 的 GGR 生根粉浸泡 8 h 3 DB43/T 1880—2020 或 l000 mg/L 的 IBA 速蘸 10 秒。 7.3.3 扦插方法 直插。扦插株行距约为(6×12)cm,深度为(3~4)cm。插后压紧,浇透水,搭建塑料小拱棚保 湿。 7.4 插

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